Production of Cocoa Butter Microcapsules Using an Electrospray Process

An experimental approach to the production of cocoa butter microcapsules containing an aqueous solution or an oil‐in‐water emulsion via electrified coaxial jets is presented here. Recently, a new method to generate nano‐micrometric coaxial jets has been reported. These coaxial jets are generated by electrohydrodynamic forces with diameters that range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of microns. The controlled break‐up of the jets gives rise to an aerosol of compound droplets in which an outer liquid coats an inner one. This technique has turned out to be an effective method to encapsulate aqueous‐based food ingredients such as flavors, aromas, enzymes, salts, minerals, and vitamins in the micrometric range with relatively high monodispersity and controllable geometrical parameters of the capsules such as thickness of the shell or number of inner cores in the capsules.     

Chemical compositional characterization of eight pear cultivars grown in China

The sugar, organic acid, amino acid and fatty acid compounds of eight commercial pear cultivars were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with RI and UV detectors and gas-chromatography (GC) equipped with FID detector. The mineral composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of the pear cultivars. Fructose was the dominant sugar in the eight pear varieties, followed by glucose and sucrose, while malic acid was the principal organic acid. The C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids were clearly the most abundant fatty acids, and the C18 family comprised more than 70% of the total fatty acids content. Asparagine and serine were the principal amino acids. Potassium is the most abundant mineral, followed by magnesium and calcium. The results provide important information on how to make the best use of pear cultivars investigated for different uses, which is of significance for both technological research and processing practice.     

快速蒸发电离质谱法在食品质量安全快速检测中的应用

快速蒸发电离质谱技术(rapid evaporation ionization mass spectrometry, REIMS)是环境电离-质谱技术迅速发展的最新成果, 也是近几年质谱检测领域的热点。通过电离切割组织或其他生物样品产生的含丰富特定区域生物特征的气溶胶, 借助高分辨率质谱对其进行原位、在线、实时、快速分析。随后进行计算机数据建模与可视化, 实现目标物质的快速检测。本文综述了REIMS技术的发展概况、主要结构组成、检测原理、采用的常规数据处理方法及其在食品检测领域中的具体应用, 包括肉品掺假鉴别、风味物质检测、品种鉴别、干果真实性评估、果汁风味物质鉴别等。主要通过对当前快速蒸发电离质谱技术在不同食品检测领域的应用研究进展进行综述, 以期为食品安全快速检测等相关研究领域科研工作者提供一定的思路与参考。     

绍兴黄酒中一种ACE活性抑制肽的分离和鉴定

首次利用超滤、大孔吸附树脂柱层析和反相色谱法将绍兴黄酒中的肽类组分进行分离制备,并进行了血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的活性抑制试验,通过高效液相色谱/电喷雾电离质谱联用分析和氨基酸组成分析鉴定出一种ACE活性抑制肽的氨基酸序列为Gln-Ser-Gly-Pro。     

Effects of secondary electron emission coefficients on Townsend's second ionization coefficient in argon dielectric barrier discharges

One‐dimensional fluid model simulations are performed to investigate how the secondary electron emission arising from ions (γ_i), metastable atoms (γ_m), and photons (γ_p) affect Townsend's second ionization coefficient (γ′) in argon dielectric barrier discharges. Since Townsend's breakdown criterion determines the value of γ′, it is naturally affected by the discharge condition such as the reduced electric field (E/p) as well as the combination of γ_i, γ_m, and γ_p. It also depends on the other contributions from the indirect ionization processes such as cumulative ionizations or metastable–metastable collision ionizations. When the nonionic electron‐yielding processes such as the effects of γ_m, γ_p, and the indirect ionizations are considered, the calculated γ′ increases largely under the higher pd (pressure times distance) branch of the Paschen curve. Since the experimental characteristics of γ′, which decreases with E/p, can hardly be explained without such nonionic processes, the contributions of those processes can be quite important in Townsend discharges especially under high pd conditions. These processes tend not to appear and γ′ tends to converge to γ_i under the lower pd branch of the Paschen curve. The value of γ_i can possibly be estimated by using γ′ under the lower pd condition. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

响应面优化蒲公英橡胶草菊糖提取工艺及其MALDI-TOF MS分析

以蒲公英橡胶草根为原料,采用超声提取的方式,通过单因素实验和响应面试验探究了超声功率、提取时间、超声温度、液料比对蒲公英橡胶草菊糖提取率的影响,得到蒲公英橡胶草菊糖提取的最佳工艺为:超声功率230 W、超声时间34 min、超声温度61 ℃、液料比30:1（mL:g）,菊糖提取率为20.14%±0.19%。采用氢氧化钙-磷酸法、三氯乙酸法、Sevage法进行脱蛋白纯化,得出氢氧化钙-磷酸法的效果最好,其蛋白清除率达90.78%,菊糖损失率为26.44%。将菊糖粗提液经蛋白纯化、脱色、旋蒸、醇沉及真空冷冻干燥后得到纯度为80.8%的菊糖,为白色固体粉末。经MALDI-TOF MS进行表征分析,确定其单体的分子量为162,端基的分子量和为179,能检测到的聚合度范围为2~30。此研究为蒲公英橡胶草的综合利用研究提供了理论依据。     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法快速鉴别羊肉真伪

采用自行研制的表面解吸常压化学电离源（DAPCI）,在无需样品预处理的条件下,通过DAPCI-MS方法直接获取不同肉类样品（鸭肉、牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、自制假羊肉）的指纹谱图。采用主成分分析（PCA）方法对指纹谱图信息进行数据分析,以区分不同肉类样品。结果表明：鸭肉、牛肉、猪肉、羊肉和自制假羊肉的指纹谱图之间存在差异,采用PCA方法能较好地区分这些肉类样品。本方法无需样品预处理,分析速度快,可实现高通量肉类的快速鉴别,为食品安全中辨别肉类样品提供了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

在线提取瓜子壳电喷雾技术在复杂基质样品检测中的应用

本研究建立了一种在线提取瓜子壳电喷雾检测装置,采用瓜子壳同时作为样品提取和喷雾装置,将样品提取和电喷雾质谱分析结合,被提取的成分直接进行喷雾检测,无需样品前处理。利用该方法分别对奶粉中三聚氰胺、土壤中莠去津、马铃薯中α-卡茄碱进行分析。三聚氰胺和莠去津的出峰良好,检测浓度可低至0.01 mg/kg,在高电场中瓜子壳实质是一个“电泳池”,带有不同电荷的物质向相反方向移动,使目标化合物从基质中解吸,被溶剂快速提取,获得较高的灵敏度。在马铃薯的不同位置取样检测α-卡茄碱,根据取样位置与信号强度做折线图,分析α-卡茄碱在马铃薯中的空间分布,发现在表皮发芽的部位信号最强,随着距离变远,信号强度逐渐减弱;其次,马铃薯内部的质谱信号强度降低速度比表面快,其质量检出限达到了0.001 g。该方法不仅可对多种复杂基质快速取样检测,在质谱成像方面也具有应用潜力。     

牛血清白蛋白与柚皮素复合物的非变性质谱研究

血清白蛋白是血液中最丰富的蛋白,研究其与药物的结合情况对了解药物在体内的运输和分布具有重要意义。本研究以柚皮素为模型药物,采用非变性质谱法研究牛血清白蛋白（BSA）与柚皮素的相互作用情况。结果表明,BSA与柚皮素形成了化学计量比为1∶1和1∶2的非共价复合物,二者亲和力较强（平衡解离常数Kd1=（7.82±0.03） μmol/L,Kd2=（9.63±0.02） μmol/L),结合速度快,5 min左右即可达到饱和。该方法具有操作简便、检测快速、样品消耗量小、无需标记等优点,可为其他药物与血清白蛋白的相互作用研究提供参考。     

混杂样品各组分顺次电离装置的研制与应用

本工作研发了能与质谱联用的混杂样品顺次电离装置,用于在分子层次获取样品中不同组分的分子结构、丰度以及空间分布等信息。本装置设计了包括试剂选择与混配、形貌显微分析、微量样品电解与电离等多个模块。在微型反应池内,不同溶剂选择性地溶出样品中物理化学性质各异的组分,在时序触发与智能控制模块的调控下实现混杂样品的顺次电离与质谱分析。利用该装置实现了对合金、矿石、生物样品中有机及无机组分的顺次检测,获得了丰富的组分信息,在材料、能源、地球、生命等科学领域具有良好的应用前景。